List of medications used by doctors for the treatment of Coronavirus

Medications for covid19

Since SARS-CoV-2 is a virus, considerable scientific attention has been focused on repurposing approved antiviral drugs that were developed for prior outbreaks such as MERS, SARS, and West Nile virus.

Some coronavirus medications are enlisted, which could work against coronavirus. 

1. ANTIMALARIAL AGENTS:

Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine:
  • Chloroquine is an anti-malarial medication that is also used against some auto-immune diseases. On 18 March, the WHO announced that chloroquine and the related hydroxychloroquine sulphate would be among the four drugs studied as part of the Solidarity clinical trial. 
  • On March 28, 2020 the FDA authorized the use of hydroxychloroquine sulfate and chloroquine phosphate under an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA).
  • On April 9th, the National Institutes of Health began the first clinical trial to assess whether hydroxychloroquine 200 mg is safe and effective to treat COVID-19. 
2. ANTIVIRAL AGENTS:

Lopinavir/Ritonavir:
  • The combination of lopinavir and ritonavir tablets (Kaletra), is used by the doctors for the treatment of coronavirus. 
  • Combination of these antivirals drugs were designed to inhibit HIV from replicating by binding to the protease. A team of researchers at the University of Colorado are trying to modify the lopinavir and ritonavir to find a compound that will bind with the protease of SARS-CoV-2.
Oseltamivir:
  • This medication, sold under the brand name Tamiflu, is an antiviral medication mainly approved in order to use for treating and preventing influenza. 
  • Oseltamivir Phosphate (Tamiflu) in combination with some other drugs are currently being studied in clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19. 
  • Some ongoing trials of Oseltamivir 75 mg are mentioned as follows:
  1. Various combinations of protease inhibitors, oseltamivir, favipiravir, and chloroquine in patients with mild to severe COVID-19. 
  2. ASC09F + oseltamivir vs Ritonavir + oseltamivir vs oseltamivir in patients with non-severe COVID-19.
  3. Abidol hydrochloride vs Oseltamivir vs Lopinavir/ritonavir in patients with mild to severe COVID-19. 
Favipiravir:
  • The clinical trials in China's Wuhan and Shenzhen, claimed to show that favipiravir was "clearly effective".
  • Of 35 patients in Shenzhen tested negative in a median of 4 days, while the length of illness was 11 days in the 45 patients who did not receive it.
  • On 22 March 2020, Italy approved the drug for experimental use against COVID-19 and began conducting trials in the three regions most affected by the disease.
3. BROAD-SPECTRUM AGENTS:

Ribavirin: In China, this medication was recommended for the treatment of COVID-19.
Umifenovir: This medication was also recommended for the treatment of COVID-19.

4. INTERFERONS:

Interferon-β:  This is previously tested against MERS in combination with other drugs.

5. DRUGS ORIGINALLY DEVELOPED FOR SARS:

APN01 (ACE2 protein decoy): APN01 is a form of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, a Phase II trial is underway with 200 patients to be recruited from severe, hospitalized cases in Denmark, Germany, and Austria to determine the effectiveness of the treatment.

6. ANTIBIOTICS: 
Some antibiotics that have been identified as potentially repurposable as COVID-19 treatments:
  • Teicoplanin
  • Oritavancin
  • Dalbavancin
  • Monensin
  • Azithromycin
  • Antiparasitic
  • Ivermectin
7. ANTI-IL-6:

Tocilizumab (Anti-IL-6 receptor): Anti-IL-6 receptor was approved by China.Also trials in Italy and China.

Read:- RITONAVIR-LOPINAVIR COMBINATION IS REALLY HELPFUL IN COVID-19 TREATMENT

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