List of HIV Medications which are helpful for the treatment of COVID-19

HIV medications for Covid 19 treatment

Covid-19 generally called as coronavirus is a pandemic to the world. A lot of researchers are working on coronavirus to find out their treatment. However, there are few available drugs which are found helpful in the treatment of COVID-19. These medications do not cure coronavirus infection, they only decrease their effect on the human body. Some enlisted medicines are:

LOPINAVIR-RITONAVIR 

The combination of lopinavir and ritonavir is used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV first-line therapy). In some cases, it is found quite effective against COVID-19 in a patient whose report was HIV negative. In this combined medication a fixed dose of lopinavir and ritonavir is taken.
Both drugs belong to the protease inhibitor class. In this combination Ritonavir works as "pharmacokinetics booster", that means the concentration of ritonavir is less as compared to lopinavir. Ritonavir works as a booster and increases the concentration of lopinavir in the human body.
The dosage form of lopinavir ritonavir combination are:
  • Tablet: 200 mg of lopinavir and 50 mg of ritonavir
  • Tablet:  100 mg of lopinavir and 25 mg of ritonavir
  • Oral solution:  80 mg of lopinavir and 25mg of ritonavir per ml. 

Some common side effects of the lopinavir-ritonavir combination are:

  • Diarrhoea
  • Headache
  • Vomiting
  • Muscle pain
  • Feeling tired
  • Some severe adverse effect of this combination is mentioned below:
  • Liver problem
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Pancreatitis
  • Haemophilia

DARUNAVIR

Darunavir is a protease inhibitor class drug used in the prevention and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 by blocking its properties activity. It is not effective against type 2 HIV. To increase the effectiveness of darunavir it is combined with other medications such as ritonavir, alfuzosin, triazolam etc.

In the combination of darunavir ritonavir, darunavir works effectively in the presence of less concentration of ritonavir.

The dosage and strength of darunavir are  Darunavir 800 mg, Darunavir 600 mg, 75 mg, 150 mg, 400 mg.

The common side effect of darunavir is:

  • Diarrhoea
  • Abdominal pain
  • Headache
  • Rash
  • Vomiting
  • Some serious adverse reactions of darunavir are:
  • Skin Rash
  • Allergic reaction
  • Liver problem

ATAZANAVIR-RITONAVIR

The combined form of Atazanavir ritonavir is used in the treatment of HIV or AIDS. Both of these drugs belong to protease inhibitor class and work by inhibiting the HIV protease. The combination of atazanavir ritonavir is used as a replacement of lopinavir-ritonavir combination.
The combination of atazanavir and ritonavir was approved in 2012 in India. The concentration of ritonavir is less as compared to atazanavir. Ritonavir works as the booster of atazanavir concentration.

It is present in capsule form of different concentrations such as Ritonavir 100mg, 150 mg, 200 mg and 300 mg.

Some common side effect of atazanavir ritonavir combination drug:

  • Jaundice
  • Rash
  • Headache
  • Nausea
  • Abdominal pain
  • Diarrhoea
  • Some serious Side Effects are:
  • Haemophilia
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Nephrolithiasis

ENTECAVIR

Entecavir is an antiviral medication that is used in the treatment of both Hepatitis B virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus( HIV). It is basically used to treat hepatitis B virus infection and reinfection of HBV after liver transplantation. It is used to treat patients who are suffering from HBV infection by decreasing its ability to multiplication and form new viral cells.

Entecavir dosage form is:
  • Tablet: 0.5 mg and 1 mg
  • Oral solution: 0.05 mg per ml
Some common  adverse reactions of entecavir are:
  • Headache
  • Dizziness
  • Nausea
  • Fatigue

NEVIRAPINE

Nevirapine is an antiretroviral medication that is used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus Type 1. It is basically used as a barrier to stop the infection from pregnant Mother to the child via the blood supply. Nevirapine is generally considered in use when the count of CD4 cells is very low. This medication is generally used in combination with Other Drugs as this can cause resistance when used by itself.

Different forms of nevirapine are:
  • Tablet: 200mg
  • Oral solution: 50 mg per 5 ml
Some common side effect of Nevirapine are:
  • Rash
  • Liver problem
  • Headache
  • Nausea
  • Tiredness

ABACAVIR

Abacavir basically belongs to the NRTIs, which stands for nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Abacavir is recommended for the treatment of patients with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). The consumption of abacavir is always combined with other antiretroviral medications and is not recommended in order to use by itself.

The dosage form of abacavir are:
  • Tablet: 300 mg
  • Oral solution:20mg per ml
Some common side effect of abacavir are:
  • Vomiting
  • Tiredness
  • Trouble sleeping
  • Fever
  • Some Severe adverse effects of abacavir are:
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Liver damage
  • Lactic acidosis

LAMIVUDINE

Lamivudine is an antiretroviral medication that is used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus or AIDS. It is also used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus when no other options are available. It is also used in combination with other antiretroviral medication for the post-exposure prevention of HIV when accidentally exposed to HIV.

The dosage strength of lamivudine is
The common side effect of lamivudine are:
  • Headache
  • Nausea
  • Cough
  • Diarrhoea
  • Serious side effects of lamivudine are:
  • Lactic acidosis
  • Liver disease
  • Worsening of hepatitis B infection

EFAVIRENZ-EMTRICITABINE-TENOFOVIR

This is the combined medication of a fixed dose of efavirenz emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus( HIV ) either itself or with the combination of other medication.

The combination of these three drugs help to maintain the concentration of three drugs into One pill and this is an effective therapy against HIV.

One tablet contains 600mg efavirenz, 200mg emtricitabine and 300mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.

 Some common side effect of this combined medication are:
  • Insomnia
  • Depression
  • Dizziness
  • Diarrhoea
  • Headache
  • Nausea
  • Fatigue
This combination is not recommended to pregnant women as it can cause fetal damage when consumed in the first trimester. Women that breastfeed are not suggested to consume this combination of medication as it can harm the baby.
Some serious side effects of this combination are:
  • Enlargement of liver
  • High blood lactate level

Note:- All of the above-mentioned medications are not the treatment of COVID-19 or coronavirus rather it is helpful in reducing the symptoms of COVID-19.

Read:- HIV treatments guidelines

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